Throughoutthe years, Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise has been celebrated as the quintessential symbol of the Impressionist Movement. This renowned work of art which illustrates a view of the port of Le Havre in north-western France is considered to be one of Monet’s “most poetic expressions” of his engagement with France’s revitalization efforts after TheStarry Night memicu berbagai studi. Goresan "putaran angin" yang khas dari lukisan Van Gogh saat mendekam di rumah sakit jiwa ditafsirkan sebagai dari simbol alam semesta yang tak terhingga hingga halusinasi mental Van Gogh. Sejak 1941, The Starry Night tersimpan di Museum of Modern Art, New York City, Amerika Serikat. Kondisipsikis dan depresi berat yang diderita Van Gogh memengaruhi karya-karyanya, baik yang berupa lukisan potret diri maupun karya lainnya seperti The Starry Night dan Sunflowers--yang sangat terkenal di seluruh dunia. Dia juga pernah memotong telinganya sendiri dengan pisau cukur ketika bertengkar dengan sesama artis, Paul Gauguin. Lukisantokoh manusia dari Kalimantan Timur. NB: Tokoh-tokoh manusia, awalnya berwarna merah tua, telah dilacak secara digital untuk memperbesar seni ini. Pindi Setiawan, Author provided November TeknikLukisan Starry Night – Where are her and the boys destiny leading to. Lukisan ini cenderung memakai warna gelap ada beberapa unsur seni rupa yang terkandung dalam lukisan ini yaitu antara lain gariswarnagelap terangtekstur dan bidang semua terdapat dalam lukisan yang. Pertama ane pengen ngasi tau siapa sih van gogh itu. Yusof Balai Seni Lukis Negara menyimpan 27 buah karya lukisannya dari tahun 1989 hingga 2009 yang terlalu tinggi nilainya. Karya ‘Starry Night’ (1961), ‘Relationship’ (1964), ‘Lost’ (1965) ‘19.9.65’(1965) memperlihatkan ledakan tenaga abstrak ekspressionistik yang lincah, kental, padu dalam sapuan berus yang agresif dalam Kajianbenda Seni Lukisan Vincent Van Gogh “Starry Night” Pary Suryani/1686142016 Desain Komuikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni Dan Desain Universitas Negeri Makassar Pary suryani@ Artikel ini membahas tentang Benda Seni, contoh benda seni yaitu lukisan dan mengkaji salahsatu karya Van Gogh, yaitu Starry Night, dimana lukisan ini di StarryNight karya Vincent van Gogh. H. Aliran Fauvisme. Aliran yang membebaskan diri dari segala pengaruh keindahan alam. (1595/1610) yang dipercaya memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap ekspresionisme abad 20, meskipun sebenarnya lukisan ini beraliran manerisme. Rehe im Walde karya Franz Marc. J. Aliran Kubisme. Seni lukis yang HkVwB. Vincent van Gogh Emotion, Vision, and A Singular Style Mention Vincent van Gogh Dutch, 1853–1890 and one of the first things likely to come to many people’s minds is the fact that he cut off his own ear. This stark act, committed in 1888, marked the beginning of the depression that would plague him until the end of his life. But to know van Gogh is to get past the caricature of the tortured, misunderstood artist and to become acquainted instead with the hardworking, deeply religious, and difficult man. Van Gogh found his place in art and produced emotional, visually arresting paintings over the course of a career that lasted only a decade. Largely self-taught, van Gogh produced more than 2,000 oil paintings, watercolors, drawings, and sketches, which became in demand only after his death. He also wrote scores of letters, especially to his brother Theo, in which he worked out his thoughts about art. “Always continue walking a lot and loving nature, for that’s the real way to learn to understand art better and better,” he wrote in 1874. “Painters understand nature and love it, and teach us to see.”1 It was nature, and the people living closely to it, that first stirred van Gogh’s artistic inclinations. In this he was not alone. Landscapes remained a popular subject in late-nineteenth-century art. Driven in part by their dissatisfaction with the modern city, many artists sought out places resembling earthly paradises, where they could observe nature firsthand, feeding its psychological and spiritual resonances into their work. Van Gogh was particularly taken with the peasants he saw working the countryside; his early compositions featured portraits of Dutch peasants and rural landscapes, rendered in dark, moody tones. In 1886, van Gogh moved to Paris, where he encountered the works of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists, and the Pointillist compositions of Georges Seurat. Inspired by these artists’ harmonious matching of colors, shorter brushstrokes, and liberal use of paint, he brightened his own palette and loosened his brushwork, emphasizing the physical application of paint on the canvas. The style he developed in Paris and carried through to the end of his life became known as Post-Impressionism, a term encompassing works made by artists unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and psychological responses to the world through bold colors and expressive, often symbolic images. In a letter to his sister Willemien, touching upon the mind and temperament of artists, van Gogh once wrote that he was “very sensitive to color and its particular language, its effects of complementaries, contrasts, harmony.”2 By 1888, van Gogh had returned to the French countryside, where he would remain until his death. There, close once again to the peasants who had inspired him early on, he concentrated on painting landscapes, portraits of himself and others, domestic interiors, and still lifes full of personal symbolism. Observation and Imagination in The Starry Night 1889 “This morning I saw the countryside from my window a long time before sunrise, with nothing but the morning star, which looked very big,” wrote van Gogh to his brother Theo, describing his inspiration for one of his best-known paintings, The Starry Night 1889.3 The window to which he refers was in the Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy, in southern France, where he sought respite from his emotional suffering while continuing to make art. This mid-scale, oil-on-canvas painting is dominated by a moon- and star-filled night sky. It takes up three-quarters of the picture plane and appears turbulent, even agitated, with intensely swirling patterns that seem to roll across its surface like waves. It is pocked with bright orbs—including the crescent moon to the far right, and Venus, the morning star, to the left of center—surrounded by concentric circles of radiant white and yellow light. Beneath this expressive sky sits a hushed village of humble houses surrounding a church, whose steeple rises sharply above the undulating blue-black mountains in the background. A cypress tree sits at the foreground of this night scene. Flame-like, it reaches almost to the top edge of the canvas, serving as a visual link between land and sky. Considered symbolically, the cypress could be seen as a bridge between life, as represented by the earth, and death, as represented by the sky, commonly associated with heaven. Cypresses were also regarded as trees of the graveyard and mourning. “But the sight of the stars always makes me dream,” van Gogh once wrote. “Why, I say to myself, should the spots of light in the firmament be less accessible to us than the black spots on the map of France? Just as we take the train to go to Tarascon or Rouen, we take death to go to a star.”4 The Starry Night is based on van Gogh’s direct observations as well as his imagination, memories, and emotions. The steeple of the church, for example, resembles those common in his native Holland, not in France. The whirling forms in the sky, on the other hand, match published astronomical observations of clouds of dust and gas known as nebulae. At once balanced and expressive, the composition is structured by his ordered placement of the cypress, steeple, and central nebulae, while his countless short brushstrokes and thickly applied paint set its surface in roiling motion. Such a combination of visual contrasts was generated by an artist who found beauty and interest in the night, which, for him, was “much more alive and richly colored than the day.”5 Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, London, beginning of January 1874, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Willemien van Gogh, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Wednesday, 19 February 1890, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, between about Friday, 31 May and about Thursday, 6 June 1889, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Arles, Monday, 9 or Tuesday, 10 July 1888, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Arles, Saturday, 8 September 1888, Vincent van Gogh, Letter to Theo van Gogh, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, on or about Friday, 20 September 1889, The virtual, illusionary plane created by the artist, parallel to the physical surface of a two-dimensional work of art; the physical surface of a two-dimensional work of art, a painting, drawing, or print. One who applies paint to canvas, wood, paper, or another support to produce a picture. Paints composed of pigments ground to an extremely fine texture in an aqueous solution of gum Arabic or gum tragacanth. The absence of white fillers, such as those in gouache, creates a medium with luminous transparency. A term coined in 1910 by the English art critic and painter Roger Fry and applied to the reaction against the naturalistic depiction of light and color in Impressionism, led by Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. Though each of these artists developed his own, distinctive style, they were unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and psychological responses to the world through bold colors and expressive, often symbolic images. Post-Impressionism can be roughly dated from 1886 to 1905. A paint in which pigment is suspended in oil, which dries on exposure to air. A term coined by French art critic Fénéon in 1886, applied to an avant-garde art movement that flourished principally in France from 1886 to 1906. Led by the example of Georges Seurat, the Neo-Impressionists renounced the spontaneity of Impressionism in favor of a measured painting technique grounded in science and the study of optics. Neo-Impressionists came to believe that separate touches of pigment result in a greater vibrancy of color than is achieved by the conventional mixing of pigments on the palette. Two or more things having a common center. A rendering of the basic elements of a composition, often made in a loosely detailed or quick manner. Sketches can be both finished works of art or studies for another composition. 1. The range of colors used by an artist in making a work of art; 2. A thin wooden or plastic board on which an artist holds and mixes paint. A representation of a person or thing in a work of art. A setting for or a part of a story or narrative. A work of art made from paint applied to canvas, wood, paper, or another support noun. A work of art made with a pencil, pen, crayon, charcoal, or other implements, often consisting of lines and marks noun; the act of producing a picture with pencil, pen, crayon, charcoal, or other implements verb, gerund. The manner in which a painter applies paint with a brush. A closely woven, sturdy cloth of hemp, cotton, linen, or a similar fiber, frequently stretched over a frame and used as a surface for painting. A painting technique developed by French artists Georges-Pierre Seurat and Paul Signac in which small, distinct points of unmixed color are applied in patterns to form an image. The lightness or darkness of a color. In painting, a color plus gray. A form, sign, or emblem that represents something else, often something immaterial, such as an idea or emotion. The visual or narrative focus of a work of art. A combination of pigment, binder, and solvent noun; the act of producing a picture using paint verb, gerund. A distinctive or characteristic manner of expression. A representation of inanimate objects, as a painting of a bowl of fruit. A representation of a particular individual, usually intended to capture their likeness or personality. A series of events, objects, or compositional elements that repeat in a predictable manner. The natural landforms of a region; also, an image that has natural scenery as its primary focus. A label applied to a loose group of mostly French artists who positioned themselves outside of the official Salon exhibitions organized by the Académie des Beaux-Arts. Rejecting established styles, the Impressionists began experimenting in the early 1860s with a brighter palette of pure unblended colors, synthetic paints, sketchy brushwork, and subject matter drawn from their direct observations of nature and of everyday life in and around Paris. They worked out of doors, the better to capture the transient effects of sunlight on the scenes before them. With their increased attention to the shifting patterns of light and color, their brushwork became rapid, broken into separate dabs that better conveyed the fleeting quality of light. In 1874, they held their first group exhibition in Paris. Most critics derided their work, especially Claude Monet’s Impression, Sunrise 1872, which was called a sketch or impression, rather than a finished painting. From this criticism, they were mockingly labeled Impressionists. They continued exhibiting together until 1886, at which point many of the core artists were taking their work in new directions. The shape or structure of an object. The area of an image—usually a photograph, drawing, or painting—that appears closest to the viewer. A facial aspect indicating an emotion; also, the means by which an artist communicates ideas and emotions. The arrangement of the individual elements within a work of art so as to form a unified whole; also used to refer to a work of art, music, or literature, or its structure or organization. Colors located opposite one another on the color wheel. When mixed together, complementary colors produce a shade of gray or brown. When one stares at a color for a sustained period of time then looks at a white surface, an afterimage of the complementary color will appear. The perceived hue of an object, produced by the manner in which it reflects or emits light into the eye. Also, a substance, such as a dye, pigment, or paint, that imparts a hue. A rendering, usually a drawing, of a person or thing with exaggerated or distorted features, meant to satirize the subject. The area of an artwork that appears farthest away from the viewer; also, the area against which a figure or scene is placed. Daftar isi1. The Starry Night 2. Starry Night Over the Rhône 3. Sunflowers Series4. Self Portrait5. The Potatoe Eaters 6. Bedroom in Arles7. Almond Blossoms8. Café Terrace at Night9. The Story of The Irises10. Sunset at Montmajour 11. The Portrait of Doctor GachetVan Gogh atau memiliki nama lengkap Vincent Willem van Gogh merupakan salah satu seniman paling ternama di dunia. Dirinya adalah seorang pendeta sekaligus pelukis pasca impresionis Belanda yang paling berpengaruh terutama bagi dunia seni Barat. Ia lahir di Zundert, Belanda pada tanggal 30 Maret 1853. Lukisan-lukisannya sebagian besar merupakan aliran ekspresionisme yakni gambaran yang sesuai dengan isi hati sang pelukis ketika melihat suatu objek. Van gogh wafat pada 29 Juli 1890 di Perancis. Selama hidupnya, van Gogh telah menciptakan 900 lukisan. Berikut ini adalah karya lukisan van Gogh yang paling fenomenal beserta kisah dibaliknya. 1. The Starry Night Ketika nama Vincent van Gogh disebutkan sebagian besar orang akan langsung teringat pada lukisan The Starry Night. Lukisan tersebut memang menjadi salah satu masterpiece van Gogh yang dibuatnya pada tahun 1889. Hal yang paling menarik dari lukisan ini adalah gambaran langit malam yang berputar-putar sehingga membuat orang yang melihatnya merasa terkagum-kagum. Lukisan yang saat ini tersimpan di The Museum of Modern Art, New York ini mengandung kisah yang menyedihkan. “The Starry Night” ia ciptakan ketika dirinya sedang dalam masa perawatan di Rumah Sakit Saint-Rémy-de-Provence akibat sakit mental yang dideritanya. Lukisan tersebut terinspirasi dari jendela kamar isolasinya bahkan para ahli telah sepakat bahwa van Gogh melukisnya dalam keadaan psikosis. Uniknya van Gogh justru menganggap lukisannya ini menjadi sebuah eksperimen yang Starry Night Over the Rhône Sebelum melukis “The Starry Night”, van Gogh lebih dahulu melukis “Starry Night Over the Rhône yakni satu tahun sebelumnya. Lukisan ini serupa dengan The Starry Night hanya saja pada bagian langit memiliki spiral yang lebih sedikit. Objek dari inspirasinya pun berbeda yakni dari langit malam ketika van Gogh berada di tepi sungai Rhone dekat Rumah Kuning tempat tinggalnya bersama dengan rekan-rekannya. Dalam lukisan ini van Gogh mengungkapkan kekagumannya terhadap pemandangan perairan di kota Arles, Perancis. Lukisan ini kemudian ia berikan kepada temannya yakni Eugène Boch dan dipamerkan Société des Artistes Indépendants di Paris pada tahun 1889. Saat ini Starry Night Over the Rhône berada di Musée d’Orsay, Paris sejak tahun 1975 setelah sebelumnya berada di Buffa, Gallery of Sunflowers SeriesSelain lukisan Starry Night Over the Rhône, van Gogh ketika berada di Arles juga menciptakan karya lainnya yang kemudian disebut sebagai “Sunflowers Series”. Lukisan bunga Matahari ini sebenarnya terdiri dari tujuan rangkaian namun saat ini hanya sia 5 buah saja. Ketujuh rangkaian lukisan tersebut memiliki sketsa dan ide yang sama yakni bunga matahari yang berada di sebuah vas dan tidak begitu mekar dengan segar namun tetap memiliki warna kuning yang cerah. Lukisan matahari menggambarkan suasana hati van Gogh yang sedang bagus. Selain itu pada dasarnya ia sangat menggemari bunga matahari. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari banyaknya lukisan van Gogh yang terdiri dari unsur bunga matahari. Lukisan ini, kini tersimpan di museum yang berbeda-beda diantaranya adalah National Gallery, London, Museum Amsterdam,Tokyo, Munchen, serta Philadelphia di Amerika Self PortraitLukisan Self Portrait diyakini sebagai gambar diri yang terakhir dari seorang van Gogh meskipun beberapa ahli masih meragukannya. Namun semuanya sepakat bahwa lukisan ini menjadi gambar yang paling ikonik mengenai potret seorang Vincent Willem van Gogh. Kisah dibalik lukisan ini pun ada berbagai versinya yakni van Gogh ingin mendokumentasikan dirinya terutama terkait perkembangan fisik dan mentalnya. Namun ada pula yang mengatakan alasan van Gogh melukis dirinya adalah karena dirinya tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk menyewa model. Dalam lukisan ini terdapat surat yang ditulis oleh van Gogh sendiri bahwa dalam lukisan “Self Portrait” wajahnya lebih tenang meski matanya masih menunjukkan sebaliknya namun ia juga memberitahukan pada temannya dirinya sedang berada di tempat yang lebih baik. Saat ini “Self Portrait” yang asli berada di Musée d’Orsay, The Potatoe Eaters “The Potatoe Eaters” adalah lukisan hasil karya Vincent van Gogh yang sketsanya dibuat pada bulan Maret 1885 dan selesai di tahun yang sama. Lukisannya kali ini tidak begitu penuh warna seperti sebelumnya dan lebih banyak mendapat pengaruh dari Jozef Israel. Di dalam lukisan ini tergambar potret para petani yang sedang berkumpul di meja makan. Vincent van Gogh ketika melukis ini sedang berada di Nuenen Belanda. Ia mencoba untuk menggambarkan kehidupan para petani di sana yang kelam. Pada tahun 1887, van Gogh menulis surat untuk saudara perempuannya dan mengatakan bahwa “The Potatoe Eaters” merupakan maha karyanya dan ia sangat bangga bisa menyelesaikan lukisan tersebut. Kita bisa melihat lukisan ini yang asli di Van Gogh Museum, Bedroom in ArlesLukisan Bedroom in Arles ini merupakan karya dari van Gogh yang terdiri dari tiga buah lukisan dan semuanya identik. Objek yang dilukis yakni kamar tidur milik van Gogh sendiri ketika hidup di Place Lamartine di Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Prancis atau dikenal juga sebagai Rumah Kuning. Di dalam lukisan ini van Gogh menggambarkan bagaimana suasana kamar dari seorang pelukis. Vincent melukis Bedroom in Arles setelah terserang penyakit yang mengharuskannya berbaring di atas kasur untuk beberapa hari. Ketiga lukisan tersebut berada di tiga musim yang berbeda dimana versi pertama tersimpan di Van Gogh Museum di Amsterdam, versi kedua Art Institute of Chicago di Chicago dan versi ketiga berada di Musée d’Orsay, Paris. 7. Almond BlossomsVincent van Gogh melukis “Almond Blossoms” sekitar tahun 1888–1889. Dalam lukisan ini van Gogh melukis bunga Almond dengan sangat sederhana namun tetap elegan serta mampu menghadirkan suasana menyenangkan dan menggembirakan dari sang pelukis. Ia sendiri mendapatkan inspirasi untuk melukis objek bunga Almond karena sangat tertarik dengan seni jepang terutama dari lukisan Pohon Plum Berbunga Japonaiseries. Tak heran jika lukisan ini banyak mendapat pengaruh dari ukiran kayu ukiyo-e. Selain itu kisah dibalik lukisan ini adalah untuk menyambut kelahiran keponakannya. Ia juga menjelaskan bahwa hatinya sangat senang ketika pepohonan mulai mekar. “Almond Blossom” saat ini berada di Van Gogh Museum, Café Terrace at NightCafé Terrace at Night merupakan karya seni dan Vincent van Gogh yang menjadi awal karya-karya lainnya dengan latar belakang langit malam. Lukisan ini ia ciptakan di sebuah makam di bulan September pada tahun 1888. Lukisan ini baru dipamerkan pada tahun 1891 namun dengan judul yang berbeda yaitu Coffeehouse, in the night atau dalam bahasa Perancis yaitu Café, le soir. Dalam suratnya yang berkaitan dengan lukisan ini van Gogh mengatakan bahwa dirinya sangat menikmati malam di Arles. Ia merasa sangat cocok berada di area tersebut dan dapat menggambar objek-objeknya secara langsung. Malam-Malamnya kini dihiasi dengan warna biru, ungu, dan hijau yang cantik dengan pemandangan sekitar alun-alun yang terang diwarnai belerang pucat, hijau lemon. Lukisan ini kini dilestarikan di Kröller-Müller Museum, The Story of The IrisesLukisan “The Story of The Irises” juga dikenal dengan hanya “Irises” saja yang digambar oleh van Gogh pada bulan Mei 1889. Ia menciptakan lukisan ini di minggu pertama perawatannya di rumah sakit setelah insiden memotong telinganya sendiri. Ia mulai melukis sesaat setelah tiba di rumah sakit dengan duduk di taman sebagai studinya untuk mendapatkan ketenangan. Meski begitu karya nya ini dianggap sebagai lukisan dengan nilai keindahan yang luar biasa dimana mampu menghadirkan cahaya kehidupan dan keindahan alam. Dalam lukisan ini, van Gogh menuliskan “Pandangan dari kejauhan. Iris adalah ruang belajar yang penuh dengan udara dan kehidupan”. Maha karya ini berhasil didapatkan oleh J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Sunset at Montmajour Pada 4 Juli 1888, Vincent van Gogh membuat lukisan dengan objek garrigue dengan berlatar belakang reruntuhan Biara Montmajour. Lukisan ini kemudian dikenal sebagai “Sunset at Montmajour”. Lebih dari satu abad keaslian lukisan ini terus dipertanyakan termasuk yang menjadi koleksi pribadi dari seorang industrialis asal Norwegia Christian Nicolai Mustad. Keaslian lukisan ini baru tervalidasi pada tahun 2013 lalu dan saat ini menjadi salah satu dari koleksi the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. van Gogh ketika melukis “Sunset at the Montmajour” sedang berada di semak-semak berbatu dengan tumbuhan ek kecil di dekatnya di sore hari. Ia mengatakan bahwa sinar kuning yang jatuh di sana layaknya hujan emas yang The Portrait of Doctor GachetVincent van Gogh ketika berada di Rumah Sakit Saint-Rémy-de-Provence tidak hanya melukis lanskap pemandangan tapi juga potret dari seseorang yang tinggal bersamanya. Orang tersebut adalah Dr. Paul Gachet yakni seorang dokter yang membantu dan merawat van Gogh. van Gogh menjadikan dokternya sebagai objek lukisan setelah merasa nyaman dan dekat dengan dr. Gachet. Kedekatannya dengan sang dokter pun ditulis dalam suratnya yang ditujukan kepada saudara perempuannya yang bernama Wilhelmina. Dalam suratnya ia mengatakan bahwa diantara keduanya memiliki kemiripan baik fisik maupun mentalnya. Paintings, Drawings, Quotes, and Biography